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Memory is incorporated into the brain as physicochemical changes to engram cells. These are neuronal populations that form complex neuroanatomical circuits, are modified by experiences to store information, and allow for memory recall. At the molecular level, learning modifies synaptic communication to rewire engram circuits, a mechanism known as synaptic plasticity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuronal connection dysfunction is a convergent cause of cognitive deficits in mental disorders. Cognitive processes are finely regulated at the synaptic level by membrane proteins, some of which are shed and detectable in patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, whether these soluble synaptic proteins can harnessed as innovative pro-cognitive factors to treat brain disorders remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuronal plasticity and its role in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Neural Regen Res
December 2024
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Neuronal plasticity, the brain's ability to adapt structurally and functionally, Is essential for learning, memory, and recovery from injuries. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, this plasticity is disrupted, leading to cognitive and motor deficits. This review explores the mechanisms of neuronal plasticity and its effect on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHarnessing BDNF Signaling to Promote Resilience in Aging.
Aging Dis
November 2024
Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.
As a key member of the neurotrophin family in the central nervous system, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a critical role in the maintenance and plasticity of the nervous system. Its innate neuroprotective advantage can also be shared with the brain when normal aging-dependent processes challenge neural circuits. The intricate relationship between BDNF and resilience during the aging process signifies the molecular mechanisms that underlie the maintenance and protection of brain function, such as cognition, movement and psychological well-being.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrefrontal excitation/inhibition balance supports adolescent enhancements in circuit signal to noise ratio.
Prog Neurobiol
December 2024
The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address:
The development and refinement of neuronal circuitry allow for stabilized and efficient neural recruitment, supporting adult-like behavioral performance. During adolescence, the maturation of PFC is proposed to be a critical period (CP) for executive function, driven by a break in balance between glutamatergic excitation and GABAergic inhibition (E/I) neurotransmission. During CPs, cortical circuitry fine-tunes to improve information processing and reliable responses to stimuli, shifting from spontaneous to evoked activity, enhancing the SNR, and promoting neural synchronization.
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