Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesize evidence relating to the effects of TiO nanotubes on osseointegration in animal models.
Materials And Methods: The focused question was "Does the preparation of TiO nanotubes on the surface of implants enhance osseointegration?" Searches were performed for relevant manuscripts up to September 2019 using the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar databases with terms such as "TiO nanotubes" in combination with "osseointegration", "osteogenic", "osteogenesis", and "bone regeneration". The titles, abstracts and full texts of the manuscripts were reviewed in accordance with the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis were then performed to analyze the effects of TiO nanotubes in bone-implant contact (BIC) and biomechanical tests.
Results: Fourteen manuscripts were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Eleven studies showed that the results of a histological analysis, micro-CT evaluation and biomechanical tests were significantly higher near TiO than titanium. The meta-analysis demonstrating similar results in the BIC and biomechanical tests were obtained. The selected studies also showed the preferable nanotube diameter (70, 80, or 100 nm) to enhance osseointegration in BIC and/or bone area (BA).
Conclusion: TiO nanotubes, especially those with large diameters, enhanced osseointegration near titanium implants. Compared to bare nanotubes, TiO nanotube composite coatings resulted in higher osteogenic ability.
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