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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Function: strpos
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: formatAIDetailSummary
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Due to the widespread use of synthetic peptide drugs, their quantification and the analysis of impurities have become increasingly important in clinical and medical settings. Moreover, quantifying proteins using synthetic peptides as internal or external standards is a general approach, and the key to this approach is the knowing purities of the peptides. In this paper, synthetic glucagon was quantified using a mass balance method. The impurities in glucagon were analyzed and then accurately quantified separately. Karl Fischer (KF) titration and ion chromatography (IC) were used to determine the water and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) contents in the samples, respectively. Furthermore, the inorganic ion content in the samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The sequence of peptide impurities was identified by a Thermo Fisher Orbitrap mass. Samples were determined to be 896.36 ± 0.68 mg/g after subtracting all impurity masses from the sample mass. The result can be traced to SI units.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61109-9 | DOI Listing |
BMC Endocr Disord
December 2024
Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN, USA.
Background: Medications targeting the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) pathway are an important therapeutic class currently used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is not enough known about which subgroups of patients would receive the most benefit from these medications.
Objective: The goal of this study was to develop a predictive model for patient responsiveness to medications, here collectively called GLP-1 M, that include GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors (that normally degrade endogenously-produced GLP-1).
Sci Transl Med
December 2024
Molecular Pharmacology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
Orally bioavailable, synthetic nonpeptide agonists (NPAs) of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) may offer an effective, scalable pharmacotherapy to address the metabolic disease epidemic. One of the first molecules in the emerging class of GLP-1R NPAs is orforglipron, which is in clinical development for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here, we characterized the pharmacological properties of orforglipron in comparison with peptide-based GLP-1R agonists and other NPAs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCells
December 2024
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
Cannabinoids are emerging as promising treatments for inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Specifically, cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptors, which are upregulated during inflammation, have been distinctively linked to anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. HU308, a synthetic cannabinoid developed to activate CB2 receptors selectively, aims to minimize unwanted off-target side effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
November 2024
Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
Gut peptides, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), regulate metabolic homeostasis and have emerged as the basis for multiple state-of-the-art diabetes and obesity therapies. We previously showed that G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) is expressed in intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and modulates nutrient-induced GLP-1 secretion. However, the GPR17-mediated molecular signaling pathways in EECs have yet to be fully deciphered.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCells
November 2024
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada.
Recent clinical trials using synthetic incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists have demonstrated that these treatments ameliorated many complications related to obesity, emphasizing the significant impact of body weight on overall health. Incretins are enteroendocrine hormones secreted by gut endothelial cells triggered by nutrient ingestion. The phenomenon that oral ingestion of glucose elicits a much higher insulin secretion than intra-venous injection of equimolar glucose is known as the incretin effect.
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