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The dimensionality of neural coding for cognitive control is gradually transformed within the lateral prefrontal cortex.
J Neurosci
December 2024
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK.
Implementing cognitive control relies on neural representations that are inherently high-dimensional and distributed across multiple subregions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Traditional approaches tackle prefrontal representation by reducing it into a unidimensional measure (univariate amplitude) or using them to distinguish a limited number of alternatives (pattern classification). By contrast, representational similarity analysis (RSA) enables flexibly formulating various hypotheses about informational contents underlying the neural codes, explicitly comparing hypotheses, and examining the representational alignment between brain regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Reverse Pad: A "Safety Net" in Catastrophic Tracheal Surgery Situation.
Life (Basel)
November 2024
Thoracic Surgery Department, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy.
Background: This paper presents the outcomes of employing the inferiorly based rotated sternocleidomastoid muscle flap in complex tracheal reconstruction/repair scenarios, focusing on the key objectives of ensuring stable airway, functional digestive tract and patient survival.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for patients treated at two medical centers (A.O.
The management of high flow arteriovenous fistula and possible solutions.
J Vasc Access
October 2024
AUSL Pescara, Interventional Nephrology Unit, Via Fonte Romana, Pescara, Italy.
Background: The development of a high flow rate arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can expose the patient to development of heart failure due to increased cardiac preload and pulmonary hypertension.
Objectives: AVF flow measurement (Qa) is considered a screening tool for AVF surveillance, aiming to evaluate the access dysfunction and prevent complications, like a non-maturation, suspected stenosis, high-flow AVF, and distal ischemia. In the upper arm AVF, a high Qa may develops, which can expose the patient to the risk of high-output heart failure and ischemia.
Anatomy of the Achilles tendon-A pictorial review.
Orthopadie (Heidelb)
October 2024
Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
The Achilles tendon (AT) is the strongest tendon of the human body. The knowledge of AT anatomy is a basic prerequisite for the successful treatment of acute and chronic lesions. The structure of the AT results from a complicated fusion of three parts: the tendons of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius and the soleus muscles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA spatial-temporal map of glutamatergic neurogenesis in the murine embryonic cerebellar nuclei uncovers a high degree of cellular heterogeneity.
J Anat
October 2024
Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
The nuclei are the main output structures of the cerebellum. Each and every cerebellar cortical computation reaches several areas of the brain by means of cerebellar nuclei processing and integration. Nevertheless, our knowledge of these structures is still limited compared to the cerebellar cortex.
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