The clinical manifestations of cutaneous adverse drug reactions are variable with different severity. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) majorly caused by drugs and mediated by cytotoxic T cells. In this review, we focus on risk factors that contribute to the development of SJS/TEN and review the updated immune mechanism, preventive strategies as well as current therapeutic approaches for SJS/TEN. The progress of SJS/TEN researches reveals that cytotoxic T cells majorly activated by drug interacted with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and T cell receptors play an important role for the immune mechanism of SJS/TEN. Several clinical assessment tools and drug-T cells activation tests have been developed to identify the causality of SJS/TEN. New therapeutic approaches and biologics such as TNF-alpha antagonist have been conducted to improve the prognosis of SJS/TEN.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2020.1740591 | DOI Listing |
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