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Previously, we developed a dynamic magnetic field (DMF) device using neodymium magnets that induced c-fos expression in cortical neurons, while activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) remained unaffected. The precise signal transduction pathway for c-fos induction under DMF was unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of immediate early gene (IEG) induction using calcium channel blockers (CCBs).

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Sex related differences in cognitive deficits: Disrupted Arc/Arg3.1 signaling in an HIV model.

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January 2025

Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA; Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, P.O. Box 980059, Richmond, VA 23298-0059, USA. Electronic address:

Combined and highly active anti-retroviral therapies (cART) have transitioned HIV into a more chronic disease. Roughly half of people living with HIV (PLWH) still experience neurocognitive disorders, albeit less severely than in the pre-cART era. Sex-related effects on memory/cognition remain understudied, although the percentage of PLWH that are female has increased.

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The dopamine D1-like receptor is a dopamine (DA) receptor regulating diverse brain functions. Once the dopamine D1-like receptor is activated, it induces activation of the Protein Kinase A (PKA) that phosphorylates the cAMP Response Element-Binding (CREB) transcription factor, which once active elicits the expression of the critical synaptic elements Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) and the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). The temporality and subcellular localization of proteins impact brain function.

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Enhancing mRNA Interactions by Engineering the Arc Protein with Nucleocapsid Domain.

Langmuir

November 2024

Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.

Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) forms virus-like capsids for mRNA transport between neurons. Unlike HIV-1 Group-specific Antigen (Gag), which uses its Nucleocapsid (NC) domain to bind HIV-1 genomic mRNA, mammalian Arc lacks the NC domain, and their direct mRNA binding interactions remain underexplored. This study examined rat Arc's binding to rat Arc 5' UTR (A5U), HIV-1 5' UTR (H5U), and GFP mRNAs, revealing weak binding with no significant preference.

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Intermittent hypoxia (IH), a major pathophysiologic alteration in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), is an important contributor to cognitive impairment. Increasing research suggests that melatonin has anti-inflammatory properties and improves functions related to synaptic plasticity. However, it is unclear whether melatonin has a protective effect against OSAS-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged individuals and the involved mechanisms are also unclear.

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