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Synovial Cysts Confounding Access to the Dorsal S1 Neural Foramen in Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study aimed to identify and characterize synovial cysts in the S1 neural foramen, which can obstruct lumbar epidural injections, particularly in elderly patients.
  • - Analysis of imaging from 400 patients revealed that synovial cysts (1-2 cm in size) were prevalent but less common than Tarlov cysts, with notable imaging characteristics observed through MRI and CT scans.
  • - It was found that 5% of imaging studies showed lesions affecting foraminal access, with severe atrophy of the multifidus muscle linked to the presence of synovial cysts in many cases.

Article Abstract

Objectives: The S1 dorsal foramen is the route for 30% of lumbar transforaminal epidural injections; it is therefore important to identify structures impeding S1 foraminal access. The study objective was to characterize the imaging findings, prevalence, and anatomic origin of synovial cysts presenting within the S1 neural foramen.

Methods: A case series (N = 14) established imaging characteristics of S1 synovial cysts. Imaging studies of 400 patients undergoing epidural injections were reviewed for lesions compromising S1 foraminal access. Cadaveric dissections defined the relationship of the inferior recess of the L5-S1 facet to the S1 dorsal foramen.

Results: Elderly patients (mean age = 76) exhibited S1 synovial cysts. Synovial cysts were typically 1-2 cm in diameter, hyperintense on sagittal T2 weighted magnetic resonance images (MRIs), fluid-density on computed tomography, and dorsal to the S1 spinal nerve. Sixty percent of cysts exhibited complex MRI signal characteristics (thick wall, internal structure). Tarlov cysts, in contrast, were larger, lobular, and exhibited pure fluid intensity. Lesions impeded access to the S1 dorsal foramina in 5% of reviewed imaging studies (16 Tarlov cysts, three synovial cysts, one conjoint S1-S2 nerve root). The multifidus muscle was interposed between the L5-S1 facet inferior recess and the S1 dorsal foramen on dissection specimens; severe atrophy of the ipsilateral multifidus was noted on imaging in 17/18 synovial cysts.

Conclusions: The S1 neural foramina should be inspected on sagittal MRI, when available, for confounding lesions before performing S1 epidural injections. Tarlov cysts are more common than synovial cysts; the latter are seen in elderly patients with severe multifidus atrophy.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz298DOI Listing

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