Purpose: To evaluate the mid-term outcomes of transarterial embolization (TAE) for type II endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) and investigate the predictors of sac enlargement after embolization.
Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 55 patients [48 men and 7 women, median age 79.0 (interquartile ranges 74-82) years] who underwent TAE for type II endoleak from 2010 to 2018. The aneurysmal sac enlargement, endoleaks, aneurysm-related adverse event rate, and reintervention rate were evaluated. Patients' characteristics and clinical factors were evaluated for their association with sac enlargement.
Results: Fifty-five patients underwent TAE with technical success and were subsequently followed for a median of 636 (interquartile ranges 446-1292) days. The freedom from sac enlargement rates at 1, 3, and 5 years was 73.2%, 32.0%, and 26.7%, respectively. After initial TAE, the recurrent type II, delayed type I, and occult type III endoleak were identified in 39 (71%), 5 (9%), and 3 (5%) patients, respectively. Although a patient had aorto-duodenal fistula, there was no aneurysm-related death. The freedom from reintervention rates was 84.6%, 35.7%, and 17.0%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, sac diameter > 55 mm at initial TAE (hazard ratios, 3.23; 95% confidence intervals, 1.22-8.58; P < 0.05) was a significant predictor of sac enlargement.
Conclusion: TAE for type II endoleak was not effective in preventing sac enlargement, and reinterventions were required among the mid-term follow-up. The sac diameter > 55 mm at initial TAE was a significant predictor of sac enlargement.
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