First, we revisit the "life lived equals life left" property for stationary populations and discuss it from a more general perspective. Specifically, we show that identically distributed random age and the remaining lifetime in stationary populations have the same distribution as the equilibrium distribution of the renewal theory. Then we consider specific non-stationary populations that are closed to migration and have a constant birth rate. We obtain some useful inequalities between random age and remaining lifetime for different instants of calendar time. We also discuss the aging properties of populations using different stochastic orders.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-020-01481-2 | DOI Listing |
J Environ Manage
December 2024
School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China. Electronic address:
China faces shortage of water resources, particularly in the context of rapid population growth and accelerating urbanization, making the changes in its water resources among the most pronounced globally. Additionally, the complex interplay between climate change and human activities leads to nonlinear and non-stationary patterns in China's water resources. This study utilizes high-resolution water storage monitoring data to comprehensively analyze the nonlinear changes in water storage and its relationships with human footprint, precipitation, and temperature, revealing the complex dynamics of water storage changes across China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurosci
November 2024
Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
The brain consists of a vastly interconnected network of regions, the connectome. By estimating the statistical interdependence of neurophysiological time series, we can measure the functional connectivity (FC) of this connectome. Pearson's correlation ( ) is a common metric of coupling in FC studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
November 2024
School of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YR, United Kingdom.
According to the coupled influence of climate variation and anthropogenic activities, hydro-meteorological variables are hard to keep stationary in a changing environment. Consequently, the efficacy of traditional standardized drought indices, predicated upon the assumption of stationarity, has been called into question. In China, the challenge of drought monitoring and declaration is exacerbated by the need for multiple drought indices covering meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and groundwater aspects, often lacking real-time availability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNPJ Biodivers
December 2023
School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
Ecological communities are shaped by biotic interactions as well as environmental forces, and both must be incorporated to obtain models capable of forecasting realistic community dynamics. Many community models first specify pairwise biotic interactions and then secondarily examine how extrinsic factors such as abiotic conditions affect species abundances. A disadvantage of this approach is that the species interactions themselves are often environment and context specific, making parameterization difficult.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Ecotechnol
September 2024
Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Excessive urbanization leads to considerable nature deficiency and abundant artificial infrastructure in urban areas, which triggered intensive discussions on people's exposure to green space and outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN). Recent academic progress highlights that people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN may be confounders of each other but lacks systematic investigations. This study investigates the associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN by adopting the three most used research paradigms: population-level residence-based, individual-level residence-based, and individual-level mobility-oriented paradigms.
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