Environmentally benign methods for gold recovery and detection are highly desirable for a sustainable future. Herein, we demonstrate a selective recovery and detection strategy of gold with cucurbit[]urils (Q[ = 5-7]) by means of outer-surface interactions. Tetrachloroaurate anion ([AuCl]) is able to be rapidly precipitated with Q[] in forms of supramolecular adducts. X-ray crystallography of four Q[ = 5-7]·[AuCl] complexes reveal that strong outer-surface interactions between Q[ = 5-7] and [AuCl] are the major driving force for the formation of Q[ = 5-7]·[AuCl] complexes. Impressively, each Q[6] macrocycle is surrounded by 12 [AuCl] anions. Each of these 12 [AuCl] anions is connected to four adjacent [AuCl] anions, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional supramolecular framework with tubular channels. In addition, we found an interesting inclusion complex [Au(OH)]⊂Q[7] in the Q[7]·[AuCl] complex, which is the first example of hydrated metal cation encapsulated inside the cavity of Q[]. Spectroscopic data suggest that Q[ = 5-7] possess a high affinity and selectivity for [AuCl] even in the presence of other transition-metal ions. Q[] modified electrodes are found to be an effective material for the detection of trace gold in dilute solutions.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03499 | DOI Listing |
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