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Peptide-Purified Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) Autoantibodies Have Inhibitory Effect on Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
December 2024
School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
Recent studies, typically using patient cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have suggested that different autoantibodies (Aabs) acting on their respective receptors, may underlie neuropsychiatric disorders. The GluN1 (NR1) subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been identified as a target of anti-NMDAR Aabs in a number of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including encephalitis and autoimmune epilepsy. However, the role or the nature of Aabs responsible for effects on neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity is yet to be established fully.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSexual and Metabolic Differences in Hippocampal Evolution: Alzheimer's Disease Implications.
Life (Basel)
November 2024
Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Las Lagunillas University Campus, 23009 Jaen, Spain.
Sex differences in brain metabolism and their relationship to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's are an important emerging topic in neuroscience. Intrinsic anatomic and metabolic differences related to male and female physiology have been described, underscoring the importance of considering biological sex in studying brain metabolism and associated pathologies. The hippocampus is a key structure exhibiting sex differences in volume and connectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPotential of Stem-Cell-Induced Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: From Animal Models to Clinical Trials.
Life (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Biomedical, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
Peripheral nerve injury has become an increasingly prevalent clinical concern, causing great morbidity in the community. Although there have been significant advancements in the treatment of peripheral nerve damage in recent years, the issue of long-term nerve regeneration remains. Furthermore, Wallerian degeneration has created an obstacle to long-term nerve regeneration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRestricted Daily Exposure of Environmental Enrichment: Bridging the Practical Gap from Animal Studies to Human Application.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
November 2024
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Daily restricted environmental enrichment (REE) refers to limited, structured periods of enrichment aimed at improving both physical and cognitive well-being in animals and humans. This review explores the significance of REE, focusing on studies that investigate 2 and 3 h daily enrichment protocols. Through an analysis of 21 key studies, this paper highlights how even brief periods of REE can lead to substantial improvements in brain plasticity, cognitive function, and stress resilience.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAstrocytes and Tinnitus.
Brain Sci
November 2024
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Tinnitus is correlated with anomalies of neural plasticity and has been found to be affected by inflammatory status. The current theories on tinnitus, although still somewhat incomplete, are based on maladaptive plasticity mechanisms. Astrocytes play a major role in both neural responses to inflammation and plasticity regulation; moreover, they have recently been discovered to encode "context" for neuronal circuits, which is similar to the "expectation" of Bayesian brain models.
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