Objective: Examine the effect of off-label surfactant on mortality and morbidity in more mature and larger premature infants diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Study Design: Cohort study of premature infants born at 30-36 weeks, birth weight > 2 kg, and a diagnosis of RDS. We compared the odds of mortality and morbidity between infants who were exposed vs unexposed to surfactant. We used a treatment effects model to balance covariates between groups.
Results: Of 54,964 included infants, 25,278 (46%) were exposed to surfactant. The frequency of mortality and morbidities were higher in the exposed group in unadjusted analyses. Following adjustment with a doubly robust treatment effects model, we found no significant treatment effect of surfactant on mortality or morbidity.
Conclusion: Surfactant exposure is not associated with reduced or increased mortality or morbidity in more mature premature infants with RDS.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41372-020-0625-1 | DOI Listing |
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