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Introduction: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in infancy may have a long-term impact on the developing respiratory system. We planned a prospective cohort study to determine the impact of ARI during infancy on the pulmonary function test indices at 3 years of age.
Methods: A cohort of normal, full-term newborns were followed up 6 monthly and during ARI episodes. Infant pulmonary function tests (IPFTs) were performed at baseline and each follow-up visit using tidal breathing flow-volume loop, rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RTC) and raised volume RTC manoeuvres. During each ARI episode, nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for respiratory pathogens by real-time PCR.
Results: We screened 3421 neonates; 310 were enrolled; IPFT was performed in 225 (boys: 125 (55.6%)) at 3 years. During infancy, 470 ARI episodes were documented in 173 infants. At 3 years, children with history of any ARI episode during infancy had lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV), forced expiratory volume in 0.75 s (FEV), forced expiratory volume in 0.5 s (FEV), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF), and maximal expiratory flow at 25% of FVC (MEF) as compared with those without any ARI episode during infancy. The ratio of tidal expiratory flow (TEF) at 25% or 50% of tidal expiratory volume to peak TEF (TEF or TEF/peak TEF) at 3 years was significantly increased in children who had ARI in infancy.
Conclusions: ARI during infancy is associated with impaired pulmonary function indices such as increased resistance and decreased forced expiratory flow and volume at 3 years of age.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7047475 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000436 | DOI Listing |
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