Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of cemento-osseous dysplasia-induced changes in adjacent structures in a Brazilian population.

Objectives: To describe the effects of cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) on anatomical structures.

Methods: CBCT scans were retrospectively selected from a database of individuals who attended an Oral Medicine service. Cases with a confirmed diagnosis of periapical, focal, or florid COD were included. Two oral and maxillofacial radiologists assessed the scans. Frequencies of the variables were described according to COD case, lesion areas, and teeth.

Results: Sixty COD cases affected 244 areas and 426 teeth. Florid COD was the most common (n = 48). Cortical bone (buccal, lingual, palatine, or mandibular) (n = 42) and the maxillary sinus (n = 13) were the structures most frequently affected by displacement or perforation. Thinning (n = 80), expansion (n = 62), and perforation (n = 60) of the cortical bone were common effects. The median size of the lesions was 12 mm in the mesiodistal direction, 8 mm in the buccal-lingual/palatal direction, and 9 mm in the superior-inferior direction. Root resorption was observed in 18.1% of all teeth, while tooth displacement was uncommon (0.6%). All teeth affected by COD had a discontinuous lamina dura and non-uniformly visible periodontal ligament space.

Conclusions: CBCT images revealed that cortical bone, lamina dura, and periodontal ligament space were the structures most affected by COD and the effects of COD on anatomical structures were more frequent than previously described.

Clinical Relevance: CODs are fibro-osseous lesions common in the clinical practice, and relationship with anatomical structures is poorly described. CBCT is an appropriate method for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with COD.