A high-throughput and environmentally friendly method based on 96-well plate thin-film microextraction was established to determine 14 fungicides in grapes and grape juice using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The thin-film microextraction optimized method consisted of 60 min of extraction at pH 6.0 with the addition of sodium chloride (2-5%). Acetonitrile/water in the ratio of 8:2 was used for desorption analytes for 60 min. Evaluation of different extractive phases showed that polyacrylonitrile-polystyrene-divinylbenzene was the optimum coating. The linearity of the method was good in the range of 0.01-0.5 μg/mL for 14 fungicides with determination coefficients (R ) from 0.990 to 0.999, which indicated good linearity for both the grape juice and grape matrixes. The limit of detection was in the range of 0.002-0.01 μg/mL. The limit of quantitation was in the range of 0.01 mg/kg according to the minimum fortified level. The average absolute recoveries of the 14 fungicides ranged from 75.0 to 118.3%. The intraday relative standard deviation (n = 4) and interday relative standard deviation (n = 4) were 5.6-13.0% and 1.6-6.4%, respectively. This study showed that this method can be used for analyzing 96 samples in parallel, and the sample preparation time was approximately 2.0 min per sample. In addition, this approach offers a green and low-cost sample pretreatment technique for future analyses.
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Article Synopsis
- Developing sensitive and selective measurement techniques for detecting trace compounds, particularly organochlorine pesticides in water, is crucial in analytical chemistry while adhering to green chemistry principles.
- The study utilized a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method with an innovative clay thin film sorbent coated on nickel-titanium wire, successfully extracting multiple pesticides with high efficiency and low detection limits.
- This eco-friendly method shows potential for improving analytical practices in environmental monitoring, offering high recovery rates and reproducibility, which could positively impact public health.
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