Pediatric thyroidectomies: A surgical subspecialty comparison.

Objective: This study aims to establish the typical population, safety, and outcomes of pediatric thyroidectomies, specifically identifying surgical complication rates. Furthermore, the study compares management and complication differences between the two specialties that most often manage these patients - Pediatric General Surgery and Otolaryngology.

Methods: National Surgical Quality Improvement Program - Pediatrics (NSQIP-P) data between the years of 2012 and 2016 was reviewed and analyzed for patient characteristics, perioperative course and outcomes. Sub-group analysis was used to compare groups based on surgeon sub-specialty: Otolaryngology or Pediatric General Surgery.

Results: The study identified 516 cases pediatric patients operated on by Pediatric Otolaryngology (229; 44.4%) and Pediatric General Surgery (287; 55.6%). Overall, rates of surgical and medical adverse events were low (1.2% and 0.7%, respectively). Upon univariate analysis, there were no differences between specialties in surgical adverse events (p = 1.000), medical adverse events (p = 0.196), reoperation (p = 0.505), or readmission (p = 0.262). Indication for surgery differed between specialties, with benign neoplasm more common in the Pediatric Otolaryngology group (48.9% vs. 35.2%), and thyrotoxicosis more common in the Pediatric General Surgery group (43.9% vs. 23.1%) (p < 0.001). Compared to cases done by Otolaryngology, Pediatric General Surgery was independently associated with a shorter operative time (B: -31.583 min [95% CI: -42.802 to -20.364]; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Thyroidectomy in the pediatric population is a safe procedure with no differences in adverse outcomes noted when comparing Pediatric General Surgeons to Pediatric Otolaryngologists. Pediatric General Surgeons were observed to have a significantly shorter operative time.