Significant advances in medicine have occurred in the past 50 years. Medical education, too, has undergone many changes, and is due for an in-depth study and appraisal similar to that of the 1910 Flexner report. Some of the changes in medical education discussed include excessive emphasis on incurable diseases and scientific minutiae instead of practical clinical problems, changes in the roles and images of clinical teachers, importance placed on faculty research, decline in actual patient care, and a new and welcome proliferation of training programs for family physicians. Suggestions are offered for reducing the duration of medical training, and for improving the curriculum and the education of students in medical schools today.
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Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China. Electronic address:
Cigarette smoke (CS) has detrimental effects on placental growth and embryo development, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of CS on trophoblast cell proliferation and regulated cell death (RCD) by examining its interference with iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) proteins and the CIA pathway. Exposure to CS disrupted the cytosolic ISC assembly (CIA) pathway, downregulated ISC proteins, and decreased ISC maturation in the placenta of rats exposed to passive smoking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Alcohol Depend
January 2025
RAND, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address:
Importance: States have implemented multiple policies likely to influence opioid prescribing; few national general population studies examine those policies' effects on per-capita opioid morphine milligram equivalents (MME) dispensed.
Objective: To examine state policies' effects on opioids per-capita MMEs dispensed at retail pharmacies.
Design: A longitudinal study of associations between MME per capita and implementation of policy interventions at different times across states.
Comput Med Imaging Graph
January 2025
CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China. Electronic address:
In clinical optical molecular imaging, the need for real-time high frame rates and low excitation doses to ensure patient safety inherently increases susceptibility to detection noise. Faced with the challenge of image degradation caused by severe noise, image denoising is essential for mitigating the trade-off between acquisition cost and image quality. However, prevailing deep learning methods exhibit uncontrollable and suboptimal performance with limited interpretability, primarily due to neglecting underlying physical model and frequency information.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Med Educ
January 2025
Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Background: Teaching severe pelvic trauma poses a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery education due to the necessity of both clinical reasoning and procedural operational skills for mastery. Traditional methods of instruction, including theoretical teaching and mannequin practice, face limitations due to the complexity, the unpredictability of treatment scenarios, the scarcity of typical cases, and the abstract nature of traditional teaching, all of which impede students' knowledge acquisition.
Objective: This study aims to introduce a novel experimental teaching methodology for severe pelvic trauma, integrating virtual reality (VR) technology as a potent adjunct to existing teaching practices.
Anal Chem
January 2025
Research Unit of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
Although cathepsin S is transported from the spleen to the liver, where it cleaves collagen XVIII to produce endostatin and plays a critical role in the onset of early liver fibrosis, the relationship between liver fibrosis and spleen function remains underexplored. Given the roles of phosphorylation in disease, understanding its regulatory mechanism in early liver fibrosis is crucial. Despite advances in mass spectrometry enhancing phosphoproteomics, its application is limited by small clinical samples and subtle protein changes.
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