The highly leukemogenic MLL fusion proteins have a unique mechanism of action. This review summarizes the current knowledge of how MLL fusions interact with the transcriptional machinery and it proposes a hypothesis how these proteins modify transcriptional control to act as transcriptional amplifiers causing runaway production of certain RNAs that transform hematopoietic cells.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194503 | DOI Listing |
Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of MLL fusion oncoprotein (MLL-FP) leukaemia has spawned epigenetic therapies that have improved clinical outcomes in this often-incurable disease. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we define the individual and combined contribution of KAT6A, KAT6B and KAT7, in MLL-FP leukaemia. Whilst inhibition of KAT6A/B is efficacious in some pre-clinical models, simultaneous targeting of KAT7, with the novel inhibitor PF-9363, increases the therapeutic efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlood Adv
December 2024
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.
Cancers (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Germline mutations in the gene encoding menin protein cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that inhibiting the interaction of menin with its crucial oncogenic protein partners represents a promising therapeutic strategy to AML. Menin plays a critical role in lysine methyltransferase 2A ()-gene-rearranged and -m acute leukemias, both associated with adverse outcomes with current standard therapies, especially in the relapsed/refractory setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Chem
November 2024
Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the second most prevalent and fatal form of leukemia. The growth of AML cells harboring oncogenic MLL rearrangements relies on the YEATS domain-containing protein ENL. Many small molecule inhibitors targeting ENL have been developed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
October 2024
Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Chromosomal translocations involving the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) locus generate potent oncogenic fusion proteins (oncoproteins) that disrupt regulation of developmental gene expression. By profiling the oncoprotein-target sites of 36 broadly representative MLL-rearranged leukemia samples, including three samples that underwent a lymphoid-to-myeloid lineage-switching event in response to therapy, we find the genomic enrichment of the oncoprotein is highly variable between samples and subject to dynamic regulation. At high levels of expression, the oncoproteins preferentially activate either an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) program, enriched for pro-B-cell genes, or an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) program, enriched for hematopoietic-stem-cell genes.
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