Molecular and functional characterization of two DELLA protein-coding genes in litchi.

DELLA proteins are members of the plant-specific GRAS family, acting as negative regulators of plant growth. In this study, we identified two DELLA protein-coding genes in litchi, denoted as LcGAI and LcRGL1. Motif analysis showed that LcGAI and LcRGL1 proteins both contain a conserved DELLA and TVHYNP motif at the N-terminus as well as LHR1, VHIID, LHR2, PFYRE, and SAW motifs at the C terminus. The fused proteins of LcGAI-GFP and LcRGL1-GFP were both localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of LcGAI and LcRGL1 in Arabidopsis substantially inhibits leaf growth. Expression analysis showed that HLH factors, PRE1 and PRE5, were restrained, whereas gibberellin (GA) receptors GID1a and LcGID1b were enhanced in LcGAI and LcRGL1 overexpression lines. Results of the yeast two-hybrid assay showed that LcGAI and LcRGL1 interact with LcGID1b/LcGID1c in a GA dose-dependent manner, whereas LcGAI and LcRGL1 had a greater binding capacity to LcGID1b than LcGID1c. These observations suggested that LcGAI and LcRGL1 proteins are nuclear growth repressors.