A theoretical formalism is presented to describe coupling of an electromagnetic field into the modes of a planar waveguide, where the electromagnetic field has a non-uniform transverse profile and is incident at an arbitrary angle. The theoretical approach is used to investigate coupling of a Gaussian electromagnetic field into a ${{\rm LiNbO}_3}$LiNbO planar waveguide, where the calculations are shown to be in excellent agreement with finite-different time-domain simulations. This formalism is essential to phase-matched frequency-conversion waveguides based on nonlinear optical phenomena, which can rely on coupling the excitation field into selective higher-order waveguide modes of either even or odd parity.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.381569 | DOI Listing |
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