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Leather Waste Hydrolysation, Carbonization, and Microbial Treatment for Nitrogen Recovery by Ryegrass Cultivation.
Materials (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Physical Aspects of Ecoenergy, The Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14 St., 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland.
Leather waste contains up to 10% nitrogen (N); thus, combustion or gasification only for the energy recovery would not be rational, if safety standards are met. On the other hand, the chromium (Cr) content exceeding 5% in half of the waste stream (/) is too significant to be applied in agriculture. In this work, four acid hydrolysates from leather waste shavings, both wet-white free of Cr and wet-blue with Cr, were used: two with a mixture of acids and supplemented with Cu, Mn, and Zn, and the other two as semi-products from collagen extraction using hydrochloric acid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImproving the Elastic Response of Tanned Leather by Treatment with a Carboxylic Elastomer.
Polymers (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
The elastic response of chromium-tanned leather was successfully improved by treatment with XSBR, a carboxylated styrene-butadiene copolymer. The carboxylic groups pending from a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) backbone were found to promote penetration of the aqueous polymer dispersion into the fibrous tanned leather and participated in pH-reversible physical crosslinking by H-bonding. The different penetrations of XSBR or SBR were investigated using a micro-FTIR cross-sectional analysis from the grain (outer) to the flesh (inner) side of 18 wt% elastomer-treated samples, based on the shaved leather weight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymer Composites Reinforced with Residues from Amazonian Agro-Extractivism and Timber Industries: A Sustainable Approach to Enhancing Material Properties and Promoting Bioeconomy.
Polymers (Basel)
November 2024
Military Institute of Engineering-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil.
The Amazon Region (AR), with its vast biodiversity and rich natural resources, presents a unique opportunity for the development of sustainable polymer composites (PCs) reinforced with residues from both timber and agro-extractivism industries. This study explores the potential of Amazonian residues, such as sawdust, wood shavings, and agro-industrial by-products such as açaí seeds and Brazil nut shells, to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and environmental properties of polymer composites. By integrating these natural materials into polymer matrices, significant improvements in the composite performance were achieved, including increased tensile strength, thermal stability, and biodegradability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPorous polymers embedded with iron carbon enhanced densified activated sludge formation and wastewater treatment.
Bioresour Technol
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. Electronic address:
Municipal wastewater treatment plants in China face significant challenges in effectively removing pollutants from low-strength wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen (COD/N) ratio. This study proposes a novel approach incorporating porous polymers embedded with iron-carbon (PP-IC) into an activated sludge system to enhance treatment. The PP-IC accelerated the formation of densified activated sludge (DAS), characterized by small particle sizes (<200 μm), excellent settleability (sludge volume index: 61 mL/g), and improved pollutant removal efficiency, with total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal rates increasing by 14.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCombined sorption-biodegradation for removal of energetic compounds from stormwater runoff.
J Hazard Mater
November 2024
University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Munition constituents (MC) in stormwater runoff have the potential to move these pollutants into receiving bodies at military installations. Here we present further evaluation of a passive and sustainable biofilter technology for removal of dissolved MC from simulated surface runoff by combined sorption-biodegradation processes under dynamic flow conditions. Columns were packed with MC sorbents Sphagnum peat moss and cationized (CAT) pine shavings with and without wood-based biochar.
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