The characterization of saccharidic compounds in atmospheric aerosols is important in order to retrieve information about organic carbon sources and their transport pathways through the atmosphere. In this study, composition and sources of saccharides in PM were determined in a South Asian megacity (Faisalabad) during the year 2015 - 2016. PM sampled on quartz filters was analyzed by anion exchange chromatography for the selected saccharidic compounds. The average PM concentration was found to be 744 ± 392 μg m, exceeding the daily limits proposed by Pak-EPA (150 μg m), US-EPA (150 μg m), and WHO (50 μg m). The average total saccharidic concentration was found to be 2820 ± 2247 ng m. Among the different saccharidic categories, anhydrosugars were the most abundant in concentration followed by primary sugars and sugar alcohols. The correlation and principal component analysis indicated emissions from biomass combustion, soil suspensions from areas such as farmlands having high microorganism activity, and biogenic emissions such as airborne fungal spores and vegetation detritus as major sources of saccharides in the aerosol samples.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07905-2 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) culminates in heterogeneous outcomes, including variation in Mtb antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) T-cell responses. IFN-γ-independent cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL-2), offer potential diagnostic improvements and insights into pathogenesis. We hypothesized that ESAT6/CFP10 TNF and IL-2 responses improve Mtb infection detection among exposed household contacts (HHCs) and are associated with index case Mtb aerosolization (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
The curious chemistry observed in microdroplets has captivated chemists in recent years and has led to an investigation into their ability to drive seemingly impossible chemistries. One particularly interesting capability of these microdroplets is their ability to accelerate reactions by several orders of magnitude. While there have been many investigations into which reactions can be accelerated by confinement within microdroplets, no study has directly compared reaction acceleration at the liquid|liquid and gas|liquid interfaces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Med Sci
December 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Arbutin, predominantly derived from the bearberry plant, exhibits promising immunomodulatory properties. Given its ability to influence the programmed cell death-ligand 1/ programmed cell death-1 (PD-L1/PD-1) pathway, it is emerging as a potential alternative treatment for cancer. A reduced expression of PD-L1, as seen after arbutin treatment, can bolster immune responses critical step in effective tumor immunotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong, China. Electronic address:
Infectious acute pneumonia caused by bacteria has been a great challenge to human health for long time, and the rapid clearance of aerosolized antibiotics in the lungs restricts their clinical application. The development of nanoformulations with facile preparation and mucoadhesive properties for the pulmonary delivery of antibiotics is thus significant for the treatment of infectious acute pneumonia. In this study, FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved tannic acid (TA) was used to construct mucoadhesive nanoformulations through the facile coating of chitosan (CS) to achieve long-lasting anti-infection effects against infectious acute pneumonia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicol Environ Saf
December 2024
Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for International Academic Research, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan; Research Institute for Coexistence and Health Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan.
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