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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000631 | DOI Listing |
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HIV-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Case Study.
Acta Med Indones
April 2023
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, life-threatening, infectious, lytic, demyelinating disease that results from reactivation of the virulent JC polyomavirus (JCV) "major opportunistic infection" in immunosuppressed individuals. We reported a case of a young girl who presented with new onset focal neurological defect, evaluated, and laboratory and radiological findings in the context of a clinical setting confirmed HIV-related-PML infection. However, remyelination does not occur, the patients may develop complications in the long term including cognitive impairment, sensory deficits, motor deficits, and disturbances in balance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSuccessful treatment of HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with mirtazapine, mefloquine, and IVIG combination therapy: a case report.
J Neurovirol
February 2023
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University Hospital, Gazi University, Emniyet District, Mevlana Boulevard, No: 29 P.C Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by reactivation of the polyomavirus JC (JCV). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is one of the leading causes of PML which has high morbidity and mortality due to the lack of a proven standard treatment. We found clinical and radiological improvement with the combination of high-dose methylprednisolone, mirtazapine, mefloquine, and IVIG in our patient who presented with neurological symptoms and had diagnosed concurrent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and PML.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContrasting Cases of HIV Vasculopathy Associated Fusiform Aneurysms.
Neurohospitalist
January 2023
Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) vasculopathy encompasses the development of aneurysms, stenosis and vessel occlusions. Intracranial fusiform aneurysms in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) were originally described in children; however, HIV-associated aneurysms are increasingly recognized in adults. We present two cases to highlight the spectrum of severity and outline instructive clinical courses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMarked clinical and radiological improvement following pembrolizumab therapy for HIV-associated PML-IRIS.
AIDS
January 2023
Department of Sexual Health and HIV.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Opportunistic Infections and Beyond.
Neuroimaging Clin N Am
February 2023
Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/GattsukiRadiol.
Article Synopsis
- HIV infection leads to significant health issues and deaths globally.
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved survival rates but CNS opportunistic infections (OIs) still pose a serious risk.
- Understanding imaging results and their relevance to ART effects and patient conditions is crucial for effective treatment by radiologists and healthcare providers.
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