Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant primary intracranial neoplasm diagnosed in childhood. Although numerous efforts have been made during the past few years to exploit novel targeted therapies for this aggressive neoplasm, there still exist substantial hitches hindering successful management of MB. Lately, progress in cancer biology has shown evidence that a subpopulation of cells within the tumour, namely cancer stem cells (CSCs), are thought to be responsible for the resistance to most chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy, accounting for cancer recurrence. Hence, it is crucial to identify the molecular signatures and genetic aberrations that characterise those CSCs and develop therapies that specifically target them. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the main genetic and molecular cues that depict MB-CSCs and provide a synopsis of the novel therapeutic approaches that specifically target this population of cells to attain enhanced antitumorous effects and therefore overcome resistance to therapy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206246 | DOI Listing |
Neoplasma
December 2024
Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
MTHFD2 is highly overexpressed in breast cancer tissues, indicating that it might be used as a target in breast cancer treatment. This study aims to determine the role of MTHFD2 in breast cancer cell proliferation and the molecular pathways involved. In order to investigate MTHFD2 gene expression and its downstream pathways in breast cancer, we started our inquiry with a bioinformatics analysis.
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December 2024
Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, National Institute of Children's Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent 20-25% of childhood malignancies, with 35-40 new cases annually in Slovakia. Despite treatment advances, high mortality and poor quality of life in a lot of cases persist. This study assesses the clinical features, treatment modalities, and survival rates of pediatric CNS tumor patients in the single largest center in Slovakia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Hematol
January 2025
Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Innovation Biomedicine, Hematology Area, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Calreticulin (CALR) mutations are detected in around 20% of patients with primary and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis (MF). Regardless of driver mutations, patients with splenomegaly and symptoms are generally treated with JAK2-inhibitors, most commonly ruxolitinib. Recently, new therapies specifically targeting the CALR mutant clone have entered clinical investigation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Heart J
January 2025
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 2199 Lishui Rd, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China.
Background And Aims: Lackluster results from recently completed gene therapy clinical trials of VEGF-A delivered by viral vectors have heightened the need to develop alternative delivery strategies. This study aims to demonstrate the pre-clinical efficacy and safety of extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with VEGF-A mRNA for the treatment of ischaemic vascular disease.
Methods: After encapsulation of full-length VEGF-A mRNA into fibroblast-derived EVs via cellular nanoporation (CNP), collected VEGF-A EVs were delivered into mouse models of ischaemic injury.
Cell Biol Int
January 2025
Department of Thyroid Vascular Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon for solid tumors due to a lack of effective vascular system, and has been deemed as an important factor that drives the progression of thyroid cancer (TC) via altering the characteristics of tumor cells. The present study suggested that hypoxic TC cells enhanced cancer stem cell properties and progression of TC by delivering long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 665 (LINC00665)-containing exosomes. Specifically, TPC1 cells were exposed to normoxic or hypoxic environment, and it was found that hypoxic TPC1 cells-secreted exosomes (H-exo) were enriched with LINC00665, compared to normoxic TPC1 cells-derived exosomes (N-exo).
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