AI Article Synopsis
- The surface potential of nanoparticles is crucial for effective drug delivery and biomedical applications.
- By using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), researchers directly measured the surface potential of individual gold nanorods (GNRs) after removing a harmful surfactant (CTAB) through centrifugation.
- Results showed that the surface potential became more negative as CTAB was removed, indicating that prior charges were masked by the surfactant, helping to inform the development of safer engineered nanoparticles.
Article Abstract
The surface potential of nanoparticles plays a key role in numerous applications, such as drug delivery and cellular uptake. The estimation of the surface potential of nanoparticles as drug carriers or contrast agents is important for the design of nanoparticle-based biomedical platforms. Herein, we report the direct measurement of the surface potential of individual gold nanorods (GNRs) via Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) at the nanoscale. GNRs were capped by a surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which was removed by centrifugation. CTAB removal is essential for GNR-based biomedical applications because of the cytotoxicity of CTAB. Applying KPFM analysis, we found that the mean surface potential of the GNRs became more negative as the CTAB was removed from the GNR. The results indicate that the negative charge of GNRs is covered by the electrostatic charge of the CTAB molecules. Similar trends were observed in experiments with gold nanospheres (GNS) capped by citrates. Overall, KPFM-based techniques characterize the surfactant of individual nanoparticles (i.e. GNR or GNS) with high resolution by mapping the surface potential of a single nanoparticle, which aids in designing engineered nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab73b7 | DOI Listing |
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