Eight new dammarane-type triterpenoids (-), together with a related known analogue (), were isolated from the roots of , a traditional Chinese medicine for treating coronary artery heart disease, guided by LC-MS analysis. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculations. Notably, compounds - and possess an unusual 17side chain, and -, , and contain an uncommon 3-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2-pyran-2-one moiety in the side chain. Compounds - and have a 3,19-hemiketal bridge in the A ring. In an in vivo bioassay, , , and - exhibited significant preventive effects on zebrafish heart failure at 0.5 g/mL, improving heart dilatation, venous congestion, cardiac output, blood flow velocity, and heart rate. Compound , displaying the most promising heart failure preventive activities, showed even better effects on increasing cardiac output (72%) and blood flow velocity (83%) than six first-line heart failure therapeutic drugs. Moreover, , , and prevented the formation of thrombosis in zebrafish at 0.5 g/mL. The present investigation suggests that the new dammarane triterpenoids might be partially responsible for the utility of in treating coronary artery heart disease.
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