We report two cases of patients who presented to the Emergency Room (ER) with a history of recurrent epistaxis. Conservative treatment was provided to both patients and the most common causes of bleeding were excluded. Patients underwent radiological examinations that revealed the presence of an Intracavernous Carotid Artery Aneurysm (ICAA) extending into the sphenoid sinus through the erosion of postero-lateral bony wall. Aneurysms rupture caused massive nasal bleeding. The purpose of our case report is to illustrate as a very common symptom like epistaxis, in a small number of cases can be underestimated: rare and severe causes of nasal bleeding, as ICAA, should therefore always be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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Medicina (Kaunas)
January 2025
ENT Clinic Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS) is a rare pediatric malignant tumor with a poor prognosis, particularly when located in the rhinopharynx and sphenoidal floor, which complicates diagnosis and increases the risk of misclassification as benign growths. The specific genotype of aRMS is associated with a worse clinical outcome. In young children, especially those aged 4 to 12 years, rhinopharyngeal masses are often attributed to chronic adenoiditis; however, other benign (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Background: There is no consensus regarding the optimal regimen for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (dmNPC). Locoregional intensity modulated radiotherapy (LRRT) following palliative chemotherapy (PCT) has been shown to prolong the overall survival (OS) and improve the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with dmNPC, compared with PCT alone. However, patients with a high tumor burden do not benefit from additional LRRT, which inevitably results in toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Dis Primers
January 2025
European Reference Network for Rare Multisystemic Vascular Disease (VASCERN), HHT Rare Disease Working Group, Paris, France.
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular dysplasia inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and caused by loss-of-function pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins of the BMP signalling pathway. Up to 90% of disease-causal variants are observed in ENG and ACVRL1, with SMAD4 and GDF2 less frequently responsible for HHT. In adults, the most frequent HHT manifestations relate to iron deficiency and anaemia owing to recurrent epistaxis (nosebleeds) or bleeding from gastrointestinal telangiectases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
General and Family Medicine, Câmara de Lobos Health Center, Serviço de Saúde da Região Autónoma da Madeira, Entidade Pública Empresarial da Região Autónoma da Madeira (SESARAM, EPERAM), Câmara de Lobos, PRT.
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune condition characterized by a reduced platelet count due to enhanced peripheral destruction and impaired platelet production. While thrombocytopenia is a well-documented complication of various viral infections, cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is primarily associated with infections in immunocompromised patients and is rarely implicated in causing severe thrombocytopenia in immunocompetent patients. This article aims to highlight the importance of considering CMV as a significant etiological factor in ITP, particularly in cases of asymptomatic thrombocytopenia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, MYS.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a subtype of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) that commonly requires aggressive immunosuppression to achieve remission. We present a case of a young Malay lady with recurrent episodes of ANCA-positive nodular anterior scleritis who responded poorly to topical and systemic corticosteroids and relapsed while on methotrexate. A year later, she had epistaxis, and a sino-nasal biopsy confirmed granulomatous vasculitis.
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