The principle of Le Chatelier was used in demonstrating that 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone (compound 1) itself kills Staphylococcus aureus rather than the very small amount of free chlorine in hydrolysis equilibrium with compound 1. On the other hand, when the N-bromo analog of compound 1 (compound 1B) was used as the disinfectant, the mixture of combined compound 1B and free bromine formed in the hydrolysis equilibrium provided disinfection. When the hydrolysis equilibrium for 1B was suppressed to the level at which a negligible amount of free bromine remained in solution, combined compound 1B was much more efficacious than combined compound 1 at killing S. aureus.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.54.10.2583-2585.1988 | DOI Listing |
Biophys J
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States. Electronic address:
Microtubules (MTs) constitute the largest components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and play crucial roles in various cellular processes, including mitosis and intracellular transport. The property allowing MTs to cater to such diverse roles is attributed to dynamic instability, which is coupled to the hydrolysis of GTP (guanosine-5'-triphosphate) to GDP (guanosine-5'-diphosphate) within the β-tubulin monomers. Understanding the equilibrium dynamics and the structural features of both GDP- and GTP-complexed MT tips, especially at an all-atom level, remains challenging for both experimental and computational methods because of their dynamic nature and the prohibitive computational demands of simulating large, many-protein systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
SAMHD1 is a dNTPase that impedes replication of HIV-1 in myeloid cells and resting T lymphocytes. Here we elucidate the substrate activation mechanism of SAMHD1, which involves dNTP binding at allosteric sites and transient tetramerization. Our findings reveal that tetramerization alone is insufficient to promote dNTP hydrolysis; instead, the activation mechanism requires an inactive tetrameric intermediate with partially occupied allosteric sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem
December 2024
R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu 182-0002, Japan.
This study aimed to investigate amylose-lipid complex (ALC) formation and starch digestibility in cooked rice starches (CRSs) with the addition of 0, 5, and 10 % emulsified formulation (EMF). The addition of EMF did not affect the content of non-starch lipids but tended to increase the content of total lipids and starch lipids. The absorption rate of 995 cm/1022 cm of CRSs increased with the addition of EMF, while that of 1047 cm/1022 cm remained unchanged regardless of the addition of EMF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
In recent times, a truly exquisite pharmaceutical marvel has graced the world of medicine, known as Safinamide (SAF). This opulent creation has been specifically tailored to cater to the needs of individuals afflicted with Parkinson's disease (PD), an esteemed neurological condition renowned for its regal ability to impede motor skills, coordination, and equilibrium. It is highly improbable that degradation products of pharmaceutical components would significantly compromise efficiency and safety of a drug during its shelf life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBBA Adv
December 2024
Novonesis, 2 Biologiens Vej, DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark.
Cellulases are of paramount interest for upcoming biorefineries that utilize residue from agriculture and forestry to produce sustainable fuels and chemicals. Specifically, cellulases are used for the conversion of recalcitrant plant biomass to fermentable sugars in a so-called saccharification process. The vast literature on enzymatic saccharification frequently refers to low catalytic rates of cellulases as a main bottleneck for industrial implementation, but such statements are rarely supported by kinetic or thermodynamic considerations.
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