Purpose: The study aim was determining gender-related differences of underwater undulatory swimming (UUS) kinematic indicators and their impact on UUS velocity.
Methods: The study included 18 girls (F: age 16.71 ± 0.64 years, FINA points 551 ± 68) and 23 boys (M: age 16.79 ± 0.57 years, FINA points 533 ± 66) training swimming. After marking characteristic anatomical points, subjects performed approximately 7 meters of UUS. A filming device placed behind the underwater window registered the trial. Recordings were analysed using the SkillSpector programme.
Results: Boys swam faster (F: 1.24 m/s, M: 1.35 m/s), overcame a greater distance during one cycle (F: 0.67 m, M: 0.74 m), performed movements with higher toes amplitude (F: 0.58 m, M: 0.63 m), obtained higher amplitude and frequency product (F: 1.05, M: 1.15) and smaller ankle joint range of motion (F: 64 °, M: 57 °). In both groups, relationships between velocity and: maximal ankle joint extension, distance covered during one cycle and backward toes shift during downward movement were found. The results were statistically significant ( p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Girls and boys differed in kinematic indicator level, but UUS velocity depends on identical kinematic variables, meaning UUS technical training can be performed without gender-division.
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J Biomech
January 2025
Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Japan.
Swimmers propel their bodies forward by generating vortices around themselves, which produce fluid force during underwater undulatory swimming (UUS). This study aimed to investigate the propulsive and braking contributions of the vortices of the lower limbs, trunk, and upper limbs during UUS. The kinematic data and three-dimensional digital model were collected from nine male swimmers.
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October 2024
School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
The unique rigid-flex connection between the fin-rays and fin-surface in a bionic undulatory fin robot endows the fin-surface with both active flexibility and load-bearing capacity, enabling this robot to perform amphibious motions in underwater, terrestrial, and even marshy environments. However, investigations into dynamic modeling problems for the undulatory fin robot, considering the impact of nonlinear deformation and frictional contact on ground locomotion performance, are scarce. Given this, based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), this paper presents an efficient and accurate nonlinear dynamic model for this robot to elucidate the fin's flexible deformation and motion law.
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Aquatics Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Bioinspir Biomim
June 2024
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using an artificial lateral line (ALL) system for predicting the real-time position and pose of an undulating swimmer with Carangiform swimming patterns. We established a 3D computational fluid dynamics simulation to replicate the swimming dynamics of a freely swimming mackerel under various motion parameters, calculating the corresponding pressure fields. Using the simulated lateral line data, we trained an artificial neural network to predict the centroid coordinates and orientation of the swimmer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSports Biomech
May 2024
Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
This study aimed to elucidate the foot kinematics and foot pressure difference characteristics of faster swimmers in undulatory underwater swimming (UUS). In total, eight faster and eight slower swimmers performed UUS in a water flume at a flow velocity set at 80% of the maximal effort swimming velocity. The toe velocity and foot angle of attack were measured using a motion capture system.
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