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Biodiversity hotspots house most undiscovered plant species.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
August 2011
Microsoft Research, Cambridge CB3 0FB, United Kingdom.
For most organisms, the number of described species considerably underestimates how many exist. This is itself a problem and causes secondary complications given present high rates of species extinction. Known numbers of flowering plants form the basis of biodiversity "hotspots"--places where high levels of endemism and habitat loss coincide to produce high extinction rates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOvercoming systemic roadblocks to sustainability: the evolutionary redesign of worldviews, institutions, and technologies.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2009
Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, George D. Aiken Center, Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, and Community Development and Applied Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
A high and sustainable quality of life is a central goal for humanity. Our current socio-ecological regime and its set of interconnected worldviews, institutions, and technologies all support the goal of unlimited growth of material production and consumption as a proxy for quality of life. However, abundant evidence shows that, beyond a certain threshold, further material growth no longer significantly contributes to improvement in quality of life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow can a knowledge of the past help to conserve the future? Biodiversity conservation and the relevance of long-term ecological studies.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
February 2007
Long-term Ecology Laboratory, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
This paper evaluates how long-term records could and should be utilized in conservation policy and practice. Traditionally, there has been an extremely limited use of long-term ecological records (greater than 50 years) in biodiversity conservation. There are a number of reasons why such records tend to be discounted, including a perception of poor scale of resolution in both time and space, and the lack of accessibility of long temporal records to non-specialists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew consumers: The influence of affluence on the environment.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
April 2003
Green College, Oxford University, Upper Meadow, Douglas Downes Close, Headington, Oxford OX3 8NT, United Kingdom.
Growing consumption can cause major environmental damage. This is becoming specially significant through the emergence of over 1 billion new consumers, people in 17 developing and three transition countries with an aggregate spending capacity, in purchasing power parity terms, to match that of the U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChanges in the use and management of forests for abating carbon emissions: issues and challenges under the Kyoto Protocol.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
August 2002
Winrock International, Suite 1200, 1621 N. Kent St, Arlington, VA 22209, USA.
The global carbon cycle is significantly influenced by changes in the use and management of forests and agriculture. Humans have the potential through changes in land use and management to alter the magnitude of forest-carbon stocks and the direction of forest-carbon fluxes. However, controversy over the use of biological means to absorb or reduce emissions of CO(2) (often referred to as carbon 'sinks') has arisen in the context of the Kyoto Protocol.
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