Increasing the use of nitrogen fertilizers in tea orchards has led to intense nitrous oxide (NO) emissions. Foliar application of biofertilizer has been proven to be beneficial for organic tea production. In this study, tea yield and quality were significantly improved after application of biofertilizer compared with the control but were not significantly different from chemical fertilizer treatments. However, the average NO fluxes in tea fields treated with chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers (225 kg N·ha·year for both) were 50.6-973.7 and 0.6-29.1 times higher than those in the control treatment, respectively. Pot experiments conducted to explore the mechanism of NO reduction induced by biofertilizer showed that applying in addition to urea could reduce NO fluxes by 36.5%-73.1%. Quantitative PCR analysis suggested that a significant increase in the quantity of and genes was linked to the reduction of NO, and high-throughput sequencing of revealed active and potentially efficient denitrifiers in different treatments. Our findings suggest that biofertilizer is in line with the requirements of modern agriculture, which aims to increase product yield and quality while reducing negative environmental impacts.
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