Nowadays, hysteroscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine pathologies as it represents a safe and minimally invasive procedure that allows the visualization of the entire uterine cavity. Numerous technological innovations have occurred over the past few years, contributing to the development and widespread use of this technique. In particular, the new small-diameter hysteroscopes are equipped with an operating channel in which different mechanical instruments can be inserted, and they allow not only to examine the cervical canal and uterine cavity but also to perform biopsies or treat benign diseases in a relatively short time without anesthesia and in an outpatient setting. In this scenario, the operator must be able to perform hysteroscopy in the correct way to make this procedure increasingly safe and painless for the patient. This review aims to describe the ten steps to perform a correct office hysteroscopy, starting from patient counseling to the therapy after the procedure.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13304-020-00713-w | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of cervical length on procedure time and VAS pain scores during office hysteroscopy. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients who underwent office hysteroscopy for various indications such as abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility. Exclusion criteria included active vaginal infection, previous cervical surgery, and chronic pelvic pain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
January 2025
Discipline of Surgery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Background: Outpatient hysteroscopy (OPH) is an important diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in gynaecology. However, the most common reason for failure is pain. Currently, there is no consensus regarding analgesia for OPH amongst the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
December 2024
Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain.
Hysteroscopy is a key gynecological procedure for diagnosing and treating endometrial conditions. While hysteroscopy is often performed in office settings without sedation, patients frequently report significant pain during the procedure. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of paracervical anesthesia with mepivacaine compared to placebo in managing pain during office hysteroscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFertil Steril
December 2024
Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. Electronic address:
Objective: To demonstrate the "cold loop technique" for the hysteroscopic treatment of FIGO type 3 myomas.
Design: Step-by-step demonstration of the technique using educative video.
Subject: A 45-year-old infertile patient with repeated oocyte donor IVF failures affected by a FIGO type 3 myoma.
Background: Complete bicorporeal uterus, double cervix and obstructive longitudinal vaginal septum (classified as U3bC2V2 according to ESHRE/ESGE classification) is a rare congenital anomaly of the genital tract. This condition is typically associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis and is known as Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome or OHVIRA (Obstructed HemiVagina and Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly) syndrome. The primary symptoms include dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain, which usually manifest after menarche due to haematocolpos in the obstructed hemivagina.
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