Heteronuclear cross-relaxation effect modulated by the dynamics of N-functional groups in the solid state under N DP-MAS DNP.

In a typical magic-angle spinning (MAS) dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment, several mechanisms are simultaneously involved when transferring much larger polarization of electron spins to NMR active nuclei of interest. Recently, specific cross-relaxation enhancement by active motions under DNP (SCREAM-DNP) [Daube et al. JACS 2016] has been reported as one of these mechanisms. Thereby C enhancement with inverted sign was observed in a direct polarization (DP) MAS DNP experiment, caused by reorientation dynamics of methyl that was not frozen out at 100 K. Here, we report on the spontaneous polarization transfer from hyperpolarized H to both primary amine and ammonium nitrogens, resulting in an additional positive signal enhancement in the N NMR spectra during N DP-MAS DNP. The cross-relaxation induced signal enhancement (CRE) for N is of opposite sign compared to that observed for C due to the negative sign of the gyromagnetic ratio of N. The influence on CRE efficiency caused by variation of the radical solution composition and by temperature was also investigated.