Whereas TLR9 agonists are recognized as powerful stimulators of antitumor immunity, GM-CSF has had mixed reviews. In previously reported randomized trials we assessed the effects of local immune modulation in early-stage melanoma with CpG-B alone or with GM-CSF. Here we discuss the added value of GM-CSF and show sex-related differences.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6959435PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2019.1708066DOI Listing

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