Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Water treatment plant (WTP) residues, e.g. sludge and filter backwash water (FBW), may contain pathogenic microorganisms, as spp. and spp. However, recovering protozoa from such matrices lacks a formal and precise protocol, which is imperative to improve research in their detection, removal and inactivation. The latter includes a deeper challenge as some recovery methods may compromise viability. This study applied different recovery methods for cysts and oocysts spiked into settled sludge and FBW obtained from a bench treatment. Procedures in sludge involved direct centrifugation, alkaline and acid flocculation, including purification by immunomagnetic separation (IMS). FBW samples were tested for membrane filtration (MF) and heated Tween scrapings followed or not by IMS. Propidium iodide (PI) inclusion was used for oocyst viability evaluation prior and after recovery. Results with purified suspensions lead to higher recovery efficiencies (RE) for , which was assumed to relate to poor fluorescence. Analytical quality assessments were carried out with ColorSeed for the methods that stood out for each matrix and the results indicated lower RE than when organisms from purified suspensions were recovered. Ferric sulphate flocculation and MF, both followed by IMS reached 32.25% and 11.00% RE for spp. and 19.61% and 2.00% for spp., respectively. All of the tested methods affected oocyst viability. These results encourage further research to overcome the matrices complexity explained in this paper and increase RE, taking effects in protozoa viability into consideration.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2020.1723712 | DOI Listing |
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