Levamisole is an immunomodulatory drug which can trigger development of levamisole-induced multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy (LIMIL) in patients treated for helminthic invasion, aphthous stomatitis, cancer, or cocaine users. LIMIL clinical case in patient 45 years old after single dose of levamisole (taken without any medical prescription) was described. We presented clinical history and clinical picture, MRI and laboratory data and treatment results during 1-year observation. According to similarity of LIMIL with acute disseminating encephalomyelitis or debut of multiple sclerosis and high frequency of levamisole usage in Russia (usually without medical prescription) LIMIL should be included in differential diagnosis in demyelinating disorders and treated according to current clinical recommendation.
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Multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with intensive use of cocaine and the adulterant levamisole in a 29-year old patient.
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Diakonissenkrankenhaus Mannheim, Steubenstraße 91-93, 68199, Mannheim, Germany.
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Aims: The study aims to raise medical specialists' awareness regarding the severity of possible complications of levamisole administration, and demonstrate the role of accurate medical history collection in a differential diagnosis.
Background: Levamisole, an anthelmintic drug with immunomodulatory effects, has long been used worldwide till the early 2000s, when its association with demyelinating leukoencephalopathy was established. However, in the developing countries, it is still widely used for the prevention and treatment of helminthic invasion in humans.
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