Purpose: Inversed probability weighted (IPW) estimators are commonly used to adjust for time-fixed or time-varying confounders. However, in high-dimensional settings, including all identified confounders may result in unstable weights leading to higher variance. We aimed to develop a visualization tool demonstrating the impact of each confounder on the bias and variance of IPW estimates, as well as the propensity score overlap.
Methods: A SAS macro was developed for this visualization tool and we demonstrate how this tool can be used to identify potentially problematic confounders of the association of statin use after myocardial infarction on one-year mortality in a plasmode simulation study using a cohort of 39,792 patients from the UK (1998-2012).
Results: Through the tool's output, we can identify problematic confounders (two instrumental variables) and important confounders by comparing the estimated psuedo MSE with that from the fully adjusted model and propensity score overlap plot.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the analytic impact of all confounders should be considered carefully when fitting IPW estimators.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7864095 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.12.006 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Elf autoencoder for unsupervised exploration of flat-band materials using electronic band structure fingerprints.
Commun Phys
January 2025
Department of Physics and Astronomy, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Two-dimensional materials with flat electronic bands are promising for realising exotic quantum phenomena such as unconventional superconductivity and nontrivial topology. However, exploring their vast chemical space is a significant challenge. Here we introduce elf, an unsupervised convolutional autoencoder that encodes electronic band structure images into fingerprint vectors, enabling the autonomous clustering of materials by electronic properties beyond traditional chemical paradigms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of liver fibrosis in HCV-infected patients using two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE) before and after antiviral treatment.
J Ultrason
December 2024
Department of General and Pediatric Radiology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
Aim: Chronic hepatitis C virus infections can lead to liver fibrosis. Appropriate treatment of chronic hepatitis C may result in significant fibrosis reversal. The best method to assess liver fibrosis is an invasive hepatic biopsy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, often progressing asymptomatically until significant vision loss occurs. Early detection is crucial for preventing irreversible damage. The pupillary light reflex (PLR) has proven useful in glaucoma diagnosis, and mobile technologies like the AI-based smartphone pupillometer (AI Pupillometer) offer a promising solution for accessible screening.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurobehavioural Exploration of Breath-counting & Breath-awareness in Novice Indian Meditators: A Naturalised Ānāpānasati-based Paradigmatic Approach.
Ann Neurosci
January 2025
National Resource Centre for Value Education in Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
Background: Neural activity and subjective experiences indicate that breath-awareness practices, which focus on mindful observation of breath, promote tranquil calm and thoughtless awareness.
Purpose: This study explores the impact of tristage Ānāpānasati-based breath meditation on electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations and self-reported mindfulness states in novice meditators following a period of effortful cognition.
Methods: Eighty-nine novice meditators (82 males; Mean Age = 24.
The effects of maxillary incisor positions and chin prominences on the perception of lateral smiling profile attractiveness among orthodontists and laypersons.
Korean J Orthod
January 2025
Department of Orthodontics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Objective: To evaluate the ideal anteroposterior position of incisors in lateral smiling profiles with different chin prominences and to relate these positions to nose and chin landmarks based on the perceptions of orthodontists and laypersons.
Methods: A lateral smiling profile image of a female subject was adjusted to create five levels of chin prominence (-6, -3, 0, +3, +6 mm). For each level, the anteroposterior positions of the maxillary incisors were adjusted across five positions (-4, -2, 0, +2, +4 mm).
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!