Insights into the regulation of molecular mechanisms involved in energy shortage in detached citrus fruit.

Harvested fruit undergo carbon and energy deprivation. However, the events underlying this energy-related stress in detached fruit and their involvement in cell damage have not yet been elucidated. We showed that supplementing detached sweet oranges with additional carbon or energy sources reduced peel damage, while inhibitors of energy metabolism increased it. We investigated the effect of an exogenous source of carbon (glycerol), energy (ATP), and an inhibitor of energy metabolism 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DeOGlc) + sodium iodoacetate (IAc), on the transcriptome of harvested fruit flavedo (outer peel part). ATP and Gly induced common, but also specific, alternative modes of energy metabolism by reducing the stress caused by energy shortage. They also induced shifts in energy metabolism that led to the production of the intermediates required for plant defense secondary metabolites to form. ATP and Gly triggered changes in the expression of the genes involved in cell lesion containment through a defined pathway involving hormones and redox-mediated signaling. DeOGlc + IAc had a contrasting effect on some of these mechanisms. These chemicals altered the biological processes related to membrane integrity and molecular mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lipid and protein degradation.