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Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) accounts for 85% of all reported tuberculosis cases globally. Extrapulmonary involvement can occur in isolation or along with a pulmonary focus as in the case of patients with disseminated tuberculosis (TB). EPTB can occur through hematogenous, lymphatic, or localized bacillary dissemination from a primary source, such as PTB and affects the brain, eye, mouth, tongue, lymph nodes of neck, spine, bones, muscles, skin, pleura, pericardium, gastrointestinal, peritoneum and the genitourinary system as primary and/or disseminated disease.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of infectious disease mortality globally, with significant underdiagnosis perpetuating transmission. Tongue swab analysis has emerged as a promising non-invasive method for pulmonary TB diagnosis. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of the TB-EASY quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay using tongue swab specimens.

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High-sensitivity detection of DNA in tongue swab samples.

J Clin Microbiol

December 2024

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Tongue swab (TS) sampling combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) shows promise as an alternative to sputum testing for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, although previous studies indicated lower sensitivity.
  • Two strategies were evaluated to enhance sensitivity: one involved centrifugation to concentrate MTB DNA, achieving 83% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while the other utilized sequence-specific magnetic capture, resulting in 90% sensitivity and 97% specificity.
  • These findings suggest that with further development, these methods could lead to more accessible and effective TB testing options.
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Introduction: Effective strategies are needed to facilitate early detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The overreliance on passive case detection, symptom screening, and collection of sputum, results in delayed or undiagnosed TB, which directly contributes to on-going TB transmission. We assessed the acceptability and feasibility of in-home, Targeted Universal TB Testing (TUTT) of household contacts using GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra at point-of-care (POC) during household contact investigations (HCIs) and compared the feasibility of using sputum vs.

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Background: Delayed and missed diagnosis are a persistent barrier to tuberculosis control, partly driven by limitations associated with sputum collection and an unmet need for decentralized testing. Household contact investigation with point-of-care testing of non-invasive specimens like tongue swabs are hitherto undescribed and may be a cost-effective solution to enable community-based active case finding.

Methods: In-home, molecular point-of-care testing was conducted using sputum and tongue specimens collected from all household contacts of confirmed tuberculosis cases.

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