Rationale: Intestinal hypoganglionosis most commonly presents in infancy or childhood, with only a few cases reported in adults. Those are mainly diagnosed after elective surgery for long-standing constipation and megacolon.
Patient Concerns: We report a case of a 48-year-old female from China who presented with symptoms of discontinuation of bowel movements for 2 months. A hard, round mass could be felt in her right lower abdomen.
Diagnosis: The following examination methods diagnosed acquired segmental sigmoid hypoganglionosis. An abdominal computed tomography revealed a dilatation of the colon and suspicious wall thickening of the sigmoid colon. Anorectal manometry revealed relaxation of the anal sphincter. Histological examination revealed lower numbers and the degeneration of ganglion cells.
Interventions: Sigmoidectomy and transverse colostomy.
Outcomes: The patient recovered well from surgery. Three months after the surgery, barium enema revealed a recovery in colorectal dilatation.
Lessons: This case could help raise awareness of acquired segmental hypoganglionosis. Resection of TZ and enterostomy presents an effective remission strategy for patients at risk of anastomotic leakage due to poor intestinal conditions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000018803 | DOI Listing |
Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg
January 2025
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Purpose: During endovascular revascularization interventions for peripheral arterial disease, the standard modality of X-ray fluoroscopy (XRF) used for image guidance is limited in visualizing distal segments of infrapopliteal vessels. To enhance visualization of arteries, an image registration technique was developed to align pre-acquired computed tomography (CT) angiography images and to create fusion images highlighting arteries of interest.
Methods: X-ray image metadata capturing the position of the X-ray gantry initializes a multiscale iterative optimization process, which uses a local-variance masked normalized cross-correlation loss to rigidly align a digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) of the CT dataset with the target X-ray, using the edges of the fibula and tibia as the basis for alignment.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.
Background: Brain arteriolosclerosis is characterized by the thickening of vessel walls and arteriolar stenosis and is one of the primary pathologies of cerebral small vessel disease. Arteriolosclerosis is linked to lower cognitive and motor function, as well as an elevated risk of dementia. This study aimed to investigate the association of brain arteriolosclerosis with regional gray matter volumes in a large number of community-based older adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Background: Olfactory deficiency can be present in preclinical Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), predicting their subsequent manifestation, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Analyzing key regions within the olfactory circuit could reveal important insights into the neuropathological progression. Dysfunction in the olfactory circuit has been shown in the olfactory nerve in limited postmortem studies, including involvement of a key region, the piriform cortex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Background: Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI) is the onset of sustained neuropsychiatric symptoms that are considered as a possible precursor to neurodegenerative conditions, especially dementia. The concept of MBI recognizes that behavioral changes may be an early sign of brain changes due to neurodegeneration. Very recent research has shown behavioral changes in MBI might be linked to changes in brain structure, including cortical thickness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Optical aberrations hinder fluorescence microscopy of thick samples, reducing image signal, contrast, and resolution. Here we introduce a deep learning-based strategy for aberration compensation, improving image quality without slowing image acquisition, applying additional dose, or introducing more optics. Our method (i) introduces synthetic aberrations to images acquired on the shallow side of image stacks, making them resemble those acquired deeper into the volume and (ii) trains neural networks to reverse the effect of these aberrations.
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