Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Campinas, São Paulo, 13045-75, Brazil.
Published: November 2020
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Background: New formulations for topical treatment of ulcerative colitis with budesonide inclusion complex (BUD) and poloxamers (PL) were developed for future clinical use.
Aims: This study evaluated the efficacy of such novel formulations in a rat model of colitis.
Methods: The PL-BUD systems were prepared by direct dispersion of the complex (BUD concentration 0.5 mg mL) in solutions with PL407 or PL403. Male Wistar rats underwent TNBS-induced colitis and were treated for 5 days by a rectal route, as follows: BUD 1: BUD + PL407 (18%); BUD 2: BUD + PL407 (20%); BUD 3: BUD + PL407 (18%) + PL403 (2%); BUD 4: plain BUD; BUD 5: BUD; C1: HP-β-CD + PL407 (18%); C2: HP-β-CD + PL407 (20%); C3: HP-β-CD + PL407 (18%) + PL403 (2%); C4: saline. A negative control group without colitis was also used. Colitis was assessed via myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and macroscopic and microscopic damage score in colon tissues. Protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and endogenous glucocorticoids were obtained using ELISA.
Results: BUD poloxamer formulations had similar MPO activity when compared with the negative control group. All formulations presented lower MPO activity than BUD and plain BUD (p < 0.001). BUD 2 produced lower microscopic score values than plain BUD and BUD (p < 0.01). All formulations with BUD poloxamers reduced TNF-α levels (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Novel budesonide inclusion complex formulations improved microscopic damage and reduced colonic MPO activity and TNF-α levels.
In this protocol for obtaining doubled haploids plants (DH), we propose a new method for microspore isolation. This method is useful for genotypes of the Brassicaceae family with low responsiveness to DH technology. For such crops, it allows increasing the embryo yield several times and sometimes obtaining embryos for the first time.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095, China.
A dwarf mutant with short branches (csdf) was identified from EMS-induced mutagenesis. Bulked segregant analysis sequencing and map-based cloning revealed CsKAO encoding ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase as the causal gene. Plant architecture is the primary target of artificial selection during domestication and improvement based on the determinate function for fruit yield.
Shrub encroachment can alter the structure and function of grassland ecosystems, leading to their degradation. Therefore, population regeneration dynamics after shrub encroachment on the influence of grassland should not be ignored. , as a pioneer species, has significantly encroached with large areas on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) due to climate change and over-grazing.
Background: Early-maturity cotton varieties have the potential to be cultivated in a wider geographical area, extending as far north as 46 °N in China, and confer to address the issue of competition for land between grain and cotton by reducing their whole growth period (WGP). Therefore, it is of great importance to develop cotton varieties with comprehensive early maturity and high yield following investigating the regulatory mechanism underlying early maturity and identifying early maturity-related genes.
Results: In this study, 'SCRC19' and 'SCRC21', two excellent cultivars with significantly different WGP, along with their recombinant inbred lines (RILs) consisting of 150 individuals were re-sequenced, yielding 4,092,677 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 794 bin markers across 26 chromosomes.
Different taste cells express unique cell-type markers, enabling researchers to distinguish them and study their functional differentiation. Using single-cell RNA-Seq of taste cells in mouse fungiform papillae, we found that Cellular Communication Network Factor 3 (Ccn3) was highly expressed in Type III taste cells but not in Type II taste cells. Ccn3 is a protein-coding gene involved in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and wound healing.
