AI Article Synopsis
- Nearly 4000 patients are admitted to US hospitals yearly for hiccups, which can indicate underlying health issues, especially gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
- Studies suggest first-line treatment should be a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) with gastrointestinal consultation; if symptoms persist, further central causes should be investigated.
- The review discusses the mechanisms of hiccups, various causes, and new treatments, emphasizing the importance of initial PPI therapy while exploring additional therapeutic options.
Article Abstract
Purpose Of Review: Nearly 4000 patients will be admitted to hospital in the US this year for hiccups. Hiccups are controlled by a complex reflex arc between peripheral receptors and the brainstem. Any disruption along this pathway may produce hiccups. Typically, hiccups resolve spontaneously but in certain pathologies symptoms may persist. Persistent hiccups may be considered a sign of underlying pathology. The most common cause involves GERD.
Recent Findings: Based on etiologies, studies have shown that first-line therapy should use a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and involve appropriate gastrointestinal consultation. If symptoms persist, other etiologies such as central causes need to be explored.
Summary: We review the pathophysiology of hiccups including multiple causes and the appropriate work up for each. We review several studies examining new treatments, both pharmacological and interventional, that may help patients. Initial therapy should still involve a PPI but several new therapies may be beneficial.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11938-020-00273-3 | DOI Listing |
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