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Cryptic Species Account for the Seemingly Idiosyncratic Secondary Metabolism of Specimens Collected in Palau. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The text discusses a highly studied soft coral known for producing a variety of natural products, specifically cembrane diterpenoids, which have been observed to have inconsistent chemical compositions over 50 years.
  • Recent research has found that this coral is not just one species, but a complex of at least seven genetically distinct species that are hard to differentiate with traditional methods.
  • The study involved collecting samples from Palau and performing both molecular and chemical analyses, revealing that the previously observed chemical variation might be due to differences between these cryptic species rather than within a single species.

Article Abstract

is one of the most abundant and chemically studied soft corals with over 100 natural products reported in the literature, primarily cembrane diterpenoids. Yet, wide variation in the chemistry observed from over the past 50 years has led to its reputation as a capricious producer of bioactive metabolites. Recent molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that is not a single species but a complex of at least seven genetically distinct species not distinguishable using traditional taxonomic criteria. We hypothesized that perceived intraspecific chemical variation observed in was actually due to differences between cryptic species (interspecific variation). To test this hypothesis, we collected samples in Palau, performed molecular phylogenetic analysis, and prepared chemical profiles of sample extracts using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Both unsupervised (principal component analysis) and supervised (linear discriminant analysis) statistical analyses of these profiles revealed a strong relationship between cryptic species membership and chemical profiles. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry-based analysis using feature-based molecular networking permitted identification of the chemical drivers of this difference between clades, including cembranoid diterpenes (2,11,12)-isosarcophytoxide (), (2,11,12)-isosarcophytoxide (), and isosarcophine (). Our results suggest that early chemical studies of may have unknowingly conflated different cryptic species of , leading to apparently idiosyncratic chemical variation.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01128DOI Listing

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