Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) plays a predominant role in endochondral bone formation and bone remodeling. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates the expression of MMP-13 via Runx2, a bone transcription factor in rat osteoblastic cells (UMR106-01), and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) acts as a corepressor of Runx2. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating genes posttranscriptionally. Here, we hypothesized that PTH upregulates the miRNAs targeting HDAC4, which could lead to increased Runx2 activity and MMP-13 expression in rat osteoblastic cells. We identified several miRNAs that putatively target rat HDAC4 using bioinformatics tools. miR-873-3p was significantly upregulated by PTH in rat osteoblasts. miR-873-3p overexpression downregulated HDAC4 protein expression, increased Runx2 binding at the MMP-13 promoter, and increased MMP-13 messenger RNA expression in UMR106-01 cells. A luciferase reporter assay identified the direct targeting of miR-873-3p at the 3'-untranslated region of HDAC4. Thus, miR-873-3p targeted HDAC4 and relieved the corepressor effect of HDAC4 on Runx2 for MMP-13 expression in rat osteoblasts. This study advances our knowledge of posttranscriptional gene regulation occurring in bone and bone-related diseases and clarifies the role of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.29454 | DOI Listing |
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