A simple strategy to differentiate between H- and Na-transporting NADH:quinone oxidoreductases.

We describe here a simple strategy to characterize transport specificity of NADH:quinone oxidoreductases, using Na-translocating (NQR) and H-translocating (NDH-1) enzymes of the soil bacterium Azotobactervinelandii as the models. Submillimolar concentrations of Na and Li increased the rate of deaminoNADH oxidation by the inverted membrane vesicles prepared from the NDH-1-deficient strain. The vesicles generated carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP)-resistant electric potential difference and CCCP-stimulated pH difference (alkalinization inside) in the presence of Na. These findings testified a primary Na-pump function of A. vinelandii NQR. Furthermore, ΔpH measurements with fluorescent probes (acridine orange and pyranine) demonstrated that A. vinelandii NQR cannot transport H under various conditions. The opposite results obtained in similar measurements with the vesicles prepared from the NQR-deficient strain indicated a primary H-pump function of NDH-1. Based on our findings, we propose a package of simple experiments that are necessary and sufficient to unequivocally identify the pumping specificity of a bacterial Na or H transporter. The NQR-deficient strain, but not the NDH-1-deficient one, exhibited impaired growth characteristics under diazotrophic condition, suggesting a role for the Na transport in nitrogen fixation by A. vinelandii.