Aortic syphilis today is infrequently diagnosed clinically. Described herein are findings in 5 women who had resection of a fusiform aneurysm of the tubular portion of ascending aorta, and examination of the wall of the aneurysm disclosed classic features of aortic syphilis. The 5 patients were among 36 who had ascending aortic operations at Baylor University Medical Center in Dallas in 2018 and early 2019. Syphilitic aneurysm in each spared the sinus portion and involved diffusely the tubular portion of ascending aorta, beginning at the sinotubular junction. The aneurysmal wall was thicker than normal because of thickening of both intima and adventitia. The latter contained foci of lymphocytes and plasmacytes and thickened and narrowed vasa vasora. The media was disrupted by fibrous scars, which weakened the integrity of the aorta. Aortitis of the tubular portion of ascending aorta in syphilis is a diffuse process, but often is mistakenly called "atherosclerosis" which, when present in this portion of aorta, can be extensive but is focal. Aortic syphilis is important to diagnose so that patients can receive antibiotic therapy to delay, prevent, or treat neurosyphilis, a common accompaniment of aortic syphilis.
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