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Deregulated Mitochondrial DNA in Diseases. | LitMetric

Deregulated Mitochondrial DNA in Diseases.

DNA Cell Biol

Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Published: August 2020

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Mitochondria are crucial for energy production and metabolism, but changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can lead to diseases, including cancer, through mutations and copy number variations.
  • - Specific mutations in mtDNA, like those in the D-loop, affect mitochondrial functions and are linked to various cancers, as well as musculoskeletal and neurological diseases.
  • - Research focuses on using mtDNA repair enzymes for cancer treatment and developing mitochondrial transplantation techniques as new therapies, while also exploring mtDNA alterations as potential biomarkers for disease prognosis and drug resistance.

Article Abstract

Mitochondria play various important roles in energy production, metabolism, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can lead to the initiation and progression of cancers and other diseases. These alterations include mutations and copy number variations. Especially, the mutations in D-loop, , and affect mitochondrial functions and are widely detected in various cancers. Meanwhile, several other mutations have been correlated with muscular and neuronal diseases, especially is deeply related. These pieces of evidence indicated mtDNA alterations in diseases show potential as a novel therapeutic target. mtDNA repair enzymes are the target for delaying or stalling the mtDNA damage-induced cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, some mutations reveal a prognosis ability of the drug resistance. Current efforts aim to develop mitochondrial transplantation technique as a direct cure for deregulated mitochondria-associated diseases. This review summarizes the implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancers and other pathologies; and discusses the relevance of mitochondria-targeted therapies, along with their contribution as potential biomarkers.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.2019.5220DOI Listing

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