Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States. Several novel therapeutic agents have been developed for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but the prognosis for patients with CRPC remains poor. The identification of novel therapeutic targets for CRPC is an urgent issue. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by a variety of cells, and exosomes derived from cancer cells have been reported to circulate in the patient's bodily fluids, promoting metastasis and invasion. We aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets for CRPC by proteomic analysis of serum exosomes. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation of sera from 36 men with metastatic prostate cancer: untreated (n = 8), well-controlled with primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (n = 8), and CRPC (n = 20). We identified 823 proteins in the serum exosomes. Six proteins were increased in CRPC patients compared with untreated patients. In contrast, only ACTN4 was increased in the CRPC patients compared to the ADT patients. We focused on ACTN4 as a candidate for targeted therapeutics. ACTN4 was highly expressed in the prostate cancer cell line DU145 as well as exosomes from this line. RNA interference-mediated downregulation of ACTN4 significantly attenuated cell proliferation and invasion in DU145 cells. ACTN4 could be a potential therapeutic target for CRPC.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.084 | DOI Listing |
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