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Background: Pesticide residues have contaminated our environment and nutrition over the last century. Although these compounds are present at very low concentrations, their long-term effects on human health is of concern. The link between pesticide residues and Alzheimer's disease is not clear and difficult to establish. To date, no experiments have yet modeled the impact of this chronic contamination on neurodegenerative disorders.
Objectives: We investigated the impact of fungicide residues on the pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease in a transgenic mouse model.
Methods: Transgenic (J20, ) mice were chronically exposed to a cocktail of residues of cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, and pyrimethanil at in their drinking water for 9 months. We assessed the effects of fungicide residues on the pathological markers of the disease including aggregates, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss. Then, we studied the dynamics of aggregation via a longitudinal study using two-photon microscopy. Finally, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the production and clearance of peptides.
Results: We found that a chronic exposure to three fungicide residues exacerbated aggregation, microgliosis, and neuronal loss. These fungicides also increased vascular amyloid aggregates reminiscent of cerebral amyloid angiopathy between 6 and 9 months of treatment. The mechanism of action revealed that fungicides promoted peptide fibril formation and involved an overexpression of the levels of the -cleaving enzyme (BACE1) combined with impairment of clearance through neprylisin (NEP).
Conclusions: Chronic exposure of the J20 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease to a cocktail of fungicides, at the regulatory concentration allowed in tap water (), strengthened the preexisting pathological markers: neuroinflammation, aggregation, and APP . We hypothesize prevention strategies toward pesticide long-term exposure may be an alternative to counterbalance the lack of treatment and to slow down the worldwide Alzheimer's epidemic. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5550.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP5550 | DOI Listing |
J Environ Sci Health B
December 2024
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
Animal feed significantly influences the content and quality of animal products consumed by humans and plays a crucial role in the food chain. To simultaneously analyze 345 pesticide residues in poultry feed, a modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method was developed, utilizing gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Validation studies were conducted with spiked pesticide standards, and commercial poultry feed samples were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Ecol
December 2024
Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides are a mainstay of modern agriculture due to their widespread use for crop protection against plant-pathogenic fungi. However, DMI residues can disperse and persist in the environment, potentially affecting non-target fungi. Previous research has demonstrated that DMIs and other fungicides inhibit yeast growth in floral nectar microbial communities and decrease fungal richness and diversity of exposed flowers with no apparent effect on bacteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agric Food Chem
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Texenomycins are a family of linear lipopeptaibols with a long polyketide side chain at the N-terminus and 21 amino acid residues at the -terminus, presenting demonstrated potential as antibiotics against plant fungal pathogens. In this study, texenomycins were identified and isolated from the fungus strain TTI-0396 and showed effective antifungal properties against two plant pathogens and . Through analysis of the whole-genome data of strain TTI-0396, we discovered a hybrid PKS-NRPS system with the polyketide synthase (PKS: TexQ), thioesterase (TexO), acyl-CoA ligase (TexI), and three nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs: TexG, TexJ, TexV) in the gene cluster that were proposed to be responsible for the biosynthesis of texenomycins and another related lipopeptaibol, lipohexin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
December 2024
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia St. 1, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland.
Although yerba mate has been known and used for hundreds of years, not all of its properties have been fully understood yet. Yerba mate is a source of many desirable substances, but it may also contain toxic metals and other substances that are harmful to health. Fifteen samples of yerba mate tea from three South American countries were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFShokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi
December 2024
A method was developed for determining five organochlorine unstable pesticides (captan, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, folpet, and tolylfluanid) in agricultural products using GC-MS/MS. To prevent pesticide degradation, the food sample was maintained at -20℃ until the initiation of the extraction process. The sample underwent homogenization with acetonitrile and salting out using anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride in the presence of citrate salts.
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