Growth hormone in the tumor microenvironment.

Arch Endocrinol Metab

Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Published: February 2020

Tumor development is a multistep process whereby local mechanisms enable somatic mutations during preneoplastic stages. Once a tumor develops, it becomes a complex organ composed of multiple cell types. Interactions between malignant and non-transformed cells and tissues create a tumor microenvironment (TME) comprising epithelial cancer cells, cancer stem cells, non-tumorous cells, stromal cells, immune-inflammatory cells, blood and lymphatic vascular network, and extracellular matrix. We review reports and present a hypothesis that postulates the involvement of growth hormone (GH) in field cancerization. We discuss GH contribution to TME, promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage, tumor vascularity, and resistance to therapy. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019;63(6):568-75.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7025769PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000186DOI Listing

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